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Remove ads Using Python Complex Numbers as 2D Vectors When would you want to use the complex() factory function over the literal? It depends, but calling the function may be more convenient when you’re dealing with dynamically generated data, for example. The rules that you’ll learn about will make this straightforward. You can come back to this part when you’ve read about complex numbers arithmetic. Don’t worry if it still doesn’t make any sense. The second argument gets multiplied by the imaginary unit j, and the result is added to the first argument. In this explanation, real and imag are names of the function arguments. Return a complex number with the value real + imag*1j or convert a string or number to a complex number.
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To get the answers, let’s take a peek at the factory function’s docstring or the online documentation, which explain what’s going on under the hood when you call complex(real, imag): For example, addition has a commutative property, which lets you swap the order of the two parts of a complex number literal without changing its value: The algebraic form of a complex number follows the standard rules of algebra, which is convenient in performing arithmetic. Unless you want to start using MATLAB, you’ll have to live with using j to denote your complex numbers.
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If you want to parse complex numbers using ‘i’ instead of ‘j’, you have plenty of solutions available already. The way numbers are parsed either by the language parser (in source code) or by the built-in functions (int, float, complex) should not be localizable or configurable in any way that’s asking for huge disappointments down the road. For one thing, the letter ‘i’ or upper case ‘I’ look too much like digits. This was brought up on Python’s bug tracker over a decade ago, and Python’s creator, Guido van Rossum himself, closed the issue with this comment: The letter i can be easily confused with l or 1 in source code.In computing, the letter i is often used for the indexing variable in loops.It’s a convention already adopted by engineers to avoid name collisions with electric current, which is denoted with the letter i.However, there are a few reasons that can justify Python’s controversial choice: You might feel a slight discomfort with Python’s convention if you have a mathematical background. The traditional notation for complex numbers uses the letter i instead of j since it stands for the imaginary unit.
#Imaginary unit calculator code
To download the sample code used throughout this tutorial, click the link below: If you need a quick refresher or a gentle introduction to the theory of complex numbers, then you can watch Khan Academy’s video series. Translate mathematical formulas directly to Python code.Take advantage of the built-in cmath module.Use complex numbers in arithmetic expressions.Represent complex numbers in rectangular and polar coordinates.Define complex numbers with literals in Python.You’ll explore vector graphics and sound frequency analysis, but complex numbers can also help in drawing fractals, such as the Mandelbrot set. Python is a rare exception because it comes with complex numbers built in.ĭespite the name, complex numbers aren’t complicated! They’re convenient in tackling practical problems that you’ll get a taste of in this tutorial. Your typical options are learning some specialized tool like MATLAB or finding a third-party library. Most general-purpose programming languages have either no support or limited support for complex numbers.